How to Arc Weld: Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners

Arc welding is one of the most popular and versatile methods for joining metal. Whether you’re looking to tackle DIY repairs or start a new hobby, learning how to arc weld is a valuable skill. In this guide, we’ll walk you through the basic steps, tools, and safety tips every beginner needs to know.

What Is Arc Welding?

Arc welding, also called stick welding or SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding), uses an electric arc to melt metal and fuse materials together. It’s widely used because it works on dirty or rusty metal and doesn't require external shielding gas.

Tools and Equipment You’ll Need

Before you start, make sure you have the right tools:

• Arc welder (AC or DC machine)

• Electrode holder and ground clamp

• Welding electrodes (commonly E6010, E6011, or E7018 for beginners)

• Welding helmet with auto-darkening filter

• Welding gloves and flame-resistant jacket

• Angle grinder for cleaning metal

• Wire brush and chipping hammer

• Safety glasses and ear protection

Step 1: Practice Safety First

Safety is critical in welding. Follow these steps before striking an arc:

• Wear a welding helmet and gloves at all times.

• Work in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhaling fumes.

• Keep flammable materials away from your workspace.

• Ensure your machine is properly grounded.

Step 2: Set Up Your Welding Machine

• Connect your ground clamp securely to your workpiece.

• Choose the right electrode and insert it into the holder.

• Set your machine’s amperage based on the electrode size (e.g., 70-100 amps for E6013 1/8" rod).

Step 3: Clean the Metal Surface

Use an angle grinder or wire brush to remove paint, rust, or dirt. A clean surface ensures better arc stability and stronger welds.

Step 4: Strike the Arc

• Hold the electrode about 1/8 inch above the metal.

• Strike it like a match or tap and lift slightly to start the arc.

• Maintain a steady arc gap to avoid sticking or excessive spatter.

Step 5: Run Your First Bead

• Move the electrode steadily along the joint.

• Use small circular or zig-zag motions for better coverage.

• Keep your travel speed consistent—too fast will cause weak welds, too slow can overheat the metal.

Step 6: Chip and Clean the Slag

After welding, use a chipping hammer to remove the slag layer, then brush the weld with a wire brush. This reveals the clean weld bead underneath.

Beginner Tips for Better Arc Welding

• Start with flat position welding before moving to vertical or overhead.

• Use E6013 or E7018 rods, which are forgiving and beginner-friendly.

• Don’t get discouraged—welding takes practice to master.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

• Sticking the electrode: Maintain proper arc length.

• Porosity: Clean your metal and avoid windy conditions.

• Undercut: Move at the right speed and angle.

Conclusion

Learning how to arc weld may seem challenging at first, but with the right tools, safety precautions, and a little practice, you’ll be laying strong, clean welds in no time. Follow this step-by-step guide, and soon you'll be ready to take on bigger welding projects with confidence!